Matti Toivanen is a Finnish philosopher who has written extensively on the subject of animal ethics. Toivanen’s philosophy is based on the idea that animals are sentient beings who are capable of experiencing pleasure and pain, and who therefore have moral value.
Toivanen argues that humans have a moral obligation to treat animals with respect and to avoid causing them unnecessary harm. He believes that animals have a right to life and that humans should not kill animals for food or other purposes unless it is absolutely necessary for survival.
Toivanen’s philosophy also emphasizes the importance of recognizing the unique value of different animal species. He argues that different species have different characteristics and capacities, and that humans should take these differences into account when deciding how to treat animals.
One of Toivanen’s key arguments is that humans should not use animals as means to achieve their own ends. He believes that it is morally wrong to use animals for entertainment, such as in circuses or bullfighting, or to use them in scientific experiments that cause them pain or suffering. Toivanen also argues that humans should avoid using animals in the fashion and cosmetic industries, where animals are often subjected to cruel and inhumane treatment.
Toivanen’s philosophy also emphasizes the importance of recognizing the agency of animals. He argues that animals are capable of making choices and pursuing their own interests, and that humans should respect their autonomy. Toivanen believes that humans should work to create conditions in which animals can exercise their agency and live fulfilling lives.
Another important aspect of Toivanen’s philosophy is his belief that humans should work to create a society that is more inclusive of animals. He argues that animals are often excluded from society and treated as if they are not important. Toivanen believes that humans should work to create a society that recognizes the value of animals and includes them in our social and political institutions.
In conclusion, Matti Toivanen’s philosophy on animal ethics emphasizes the importance of recognizing the moral value of animals and treating them with respect and compassion. His philosophy argues that humans have a moral obligation to avoid causing unnecessary harm to animals and to recognize their unique value and agency. Toivanen’s work is an important contribution to the field of animal ethics and highlights the need for greater awareness and compassion towards animals in our society.