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IPHP
What is Philosophy? Meaning and Major Branches
Origin of Philosophy: A Brief Sketch
What is Metaphysics?
What is Ontology?
What is Phenomenology?
What is Continental Philosophy?
History of Ancient Greek Philosophy
Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology: Key Concepts
The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
The Purpose of Man According to St. Thomas Aquinas
Ethics
What is Ethics? Meaning, Definition, and Types
Morality Defined
Meaning of Morality
Moral Dilemmas: Definition and Types
Moral Standard versus Non-Moral Standard
Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development
Ethical Relativism: Meaning and Types
Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics
Natural Law Ethics (St. Thomas Aquinas’s Christian Ethics)
Kantian Ethics: The Categorical Imperative
Kantian Ethics (Kant’s Categorical Imperative)
Pragmatic Ethics: Meaning, Nature, and Dynamics
Utilitarian Ethics: Definition and Key Concepts
Prima Facie Duty: On William David Ross’s Moral Philosophy
John Rawls’s Theory of Justice
What is Situation Ethics?
Meaning of Virtue Ethics
Meaning of Deontological Ethics
Consequentialism Defined
What is Consequentialist Ethics?
Deontological Ethics Defined
Buddhist Ethics and the Noble Eightfold Path
What is Bioethics? Meaning and Key Concepts
What is Moral Responsibility?
What is Moral Luck?
What is Freedom?
What is Intentionality?
What is Consequentialism?
What is Workplace Ethics?
What is Business Ethics?
Logic
Logic: Meaning and Key Concepts
What is Critical Thinking?
Categorical Logic
Categorical Logic
Categorical Logic: Terms and Propositions
Categorical Statements in Traditional Logic
Eduction (Conversion of Propositions): Categorical Logic
Conversion of Propositions: Categorical Logic
Square of Opposition: Categorical Logic
Traditional Square of Opposition: Categorical Logic
Categorical Syllogism
Arguments and Validity: Eight (8) Rules of Syllogism in Categorical Logic
Mood and Figure of a Syllogism: Categorical Logic
Categorical Syllogism Exercises
Venn Diagram and Validity of Arguments
Antilogism and the Validity of Categorical Syllogisms
Notes in Categorical Logic
Propositional (Symbolic) Logic
Propositions and Symbols Used in Propositional Logic
Conjunctive Statements in Propositional Logic
Inclusive Disjunction in Propositional Logic
Exclusive Disjunction in Propositional Logic
Conditional Statements in Propositional Logic
If-then Statements in Propositional Logic
Biconditional Statements in Propositional Logic
Negation of Statements in Propositional Logic
Punctuating Statements in Propositional Logic
Tautologies and Contradictions
Symbolizing Statements in Propositional Logic
How to Symbolize Arguments in Propositional Logic?
Propositional Logic: Truth Table and Validity of Arguments
Propositional Logic: Indirect Truth Table Method and Validity of Arguments
Informal Fallacies
Logic: Informal Fallacies
Appeal to Authority
Informal Fallacies: Fallacy of Equivocation
Informal Fallacies: Fallacy of Division
Either/Or Fallacy (or False Dichotomy)
Informal Fallacies: Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum)
Informal Fallacies: Argument Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem)
Informal Fallacies: Appeal to Pity (Argumentum ad Misericordiam)
Informal Fallacies: Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)
Informal Fallacies: Appeal to People (Argumentum ad Populum)
Hasty Generalization
False Cause Fallacy
Slippery Slope Fallacy
Notes in Informal Fallacies
Understanding the Self
Socrates’s Concept of the Self
Plato’s Concept of the Self
Aristotle’s Concept of the Self
René Descartes’s Concept of the Self
David Hume’s Concept of the Self
Kant’s Concept of the Self
Practical Research 1
Research: Meaning, Characteristics, Types
The Importance of Research in Daily Life
Characteristics of Research
Processes Involved in Research
Ethics in Research
Ethics in Research (Research Ethics)
Difference Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Kinds of Research Across Fields
Kinds of Qualitative Research
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
Strengths of Qualitative Research
Uses of Qualitative Research
Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields of Inquiry
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
Criteria in Selecting Related Literature
Range of Topics in Qualitative Research
Criteria in Citing Related Literature
Ethical Standards in Writing Related Literature
How to Design a Research Project Related to Daily Life
How to Write a Research Title
How to Synthesize a Related Literature
Research Plan: Definition and How to Prepare It
What is Qualitative Research?
What is Research Method?
What is Research Methodology?
Difference Between Research Method and Research Methodology
What is Research Design?
What is a Research Gap and How to Identify it?
How to Write the Background of the Study in Research (Part 1)
Practical Research 2
Quantitative Research Method
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research
When to Use Quantitative Research Method?
Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields
Types of Variables in Research and Their Uses
What are Variables and Why are They Important in Research?
Dependent vs Independent Variables
Meta-analysis: Meaning and Key Concepts
What is Random Variable?
What is Continuous Random Variable?
What is Discrete Random Variable?
What is Explanatory Variable?
What is a Composite Variable?
What is Confounding Variable?
What is Response Variable?
What is Intervening Variable?
What are Control Variables?
What is Extraneous Variable?
What is Dependent Variable?
What is Independent Variable?
Other
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Theodicy
Eliade’s The Sacred and the Profane: Key Concepts
Descartes’ Proofs for God’s Existence
St. Anselm’s Argument for God’s Existence
St. Thomas Aquinas’ Five Proofs for God’s Existence
William Rowe’s Argument from Evil
John Hick’s Soul-Making Theodicy
Summary of J. L. Mackie’s “Evil and Omnipotence”
Summary of Paul Ricoeur’s “Evil, A Challenge to Philosophy and Theology”
Summary of Luc Bovens’s “The Value of Hope”
Summary of Pope Francis’s “Dialogue and Friendship in Society”
World Religions and Belief Systems
What is Panpsychism?
What is Animism?
What is Panentheism?
What is Mysticism?
What is Pantheism?
What is Theism?
What is Deism?
What is Polytheism?
What is Monotheism?
What is Christianity?
What is Occultism?
What is Atheism?
What is Agnosticism?
What is Judaism?
What is Gnosticism?
What is Islam?
What is Shinto?
What is Sikhism?
What is Zoroastrianism?
What is Paganism?
What is Scientology?
What is Zionism?
Epistemology
René Descartes’s Theory of Knowledge and The Discourse on the Method: Summary and Key Concepts
René Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy: Summary and Key Concepts
Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Key Concepts
Spinoza’s Theory of Knowledge
David Hume’s Theory of Knowledge
Oriental Philosophy
What is Zen Buddhism?
What is Daoism?
Lao Tzu’s Concept of Wu Wei
What is Confucianism?
Characteristics of Indian Philosophy
Social-Political Philosophy
Hobbes’s Political Philosophy: Key Concepts
The Art of War in Business
Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory: Key Concepts
Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality: Key Concepts
Principles of Political Economy: Key Concepts
John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty: Key Concept
John Locke’s Political Philosophy: Key Concepts
Machiavelli’s The Prince: Key Concepts
Hegel’s Dialectic
The Communist Manifesto: Key Concepts
Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action: Key Concepts
Discipline and Punish Summary
Pierre Bourdieu: Habitus, Capital, Fields, Doxa, and Reflexive Sociology
Antonio Gramsci’s Concept of Hegemony
Emile Durkheim’s Sociological Theory: Key Concepts
Max Weber’s Sociological Theory: Key Concepts
Foucault’s Theory of Power: Key Concepts
Philosophy of Education
What is Education?
Types of Education
What is Philosophy of Education?
Pragmatism in Education
Perennialism in Education
Four Principles of Pragmatic Education
What is Pragmatism?
What is Reconstructionism?
What is Progressivism?
Progressivism in Education
Idealism in Education
Realism in Education
Essentialism in Education
Existentialism in Education
Behaviorism in Education
Constructivism in Education
What is Naturalism in Education?
Cognitivism in Education
What is Constructionism?
What is Social Constructionism?
Reconstructionism in Education
Plato’s Philosophy of Education
Aristotle’s Philosophy of Education
Rousseau’s Philosophy of Education: Key Concepts
John Dewey’s Philosophy of Education: Key Concepts
The Montessori Theory: Key Concepts
Paulo Freire’s Philosophy of Education: Key Concepts
What is Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism?
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Operant Conditioning in Education
Philosophical Doctrines
What is Art?
What is Impressionism?
What is Fundamentalism?
What is Nativism?
What is Free Will?
What is Civil Society?
What is New Historicism?
What is Dualism?
What is Biopolitics?
What is Idealism?
What is Realism?
What is Pluralism?
What is Axiology?
What is Monism?
What is Epistemology?
What is Queer Theory?
What is Grand Narrative?
What is Commodity Fetishism?
What is Altruism?
What is Reciprocity?
What is Absolutism?
What is Objectivism?
What is Subjectivism?
What is Scientism?
What is Egoism?
What is Reductionism?
What is Ethical Subjectivism?
What is Transcendentalism?
What is Stoicism?
What is Transhumanism?
What is Relativism?
What is Nihilism?
What is Neoplatonism?
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
What is Deconstruction?
What is Hermeneutics?
What is Dogmatism?
What is Elitism?
Plato’s Republic: Key Concepts
Plato’s View on Women
Plato’s View on the Immortality of the Soul
Plato’s Theory of Forms
What is Egalitarianism?
Spinoza’s Pantheism
What is Physicalism?
What is Materialism?
What is Allegory?
What is Historicism?
What is Orientalism?
What is Analogy?
What is Semiology?
What is Culture Industry?
What is New Criticism?
What is Linguistic Criticism?
What is Symbolic Order?
What is Feminism?
What is Radical Feminism?
What is Socialist Realism?
What is Situationism?
What is Metanarrative?
What is Alienation?
Marx’s Concept of Alienation
What is Marxism?
What is Historical Materialism?
What is Dialectic of Enlightenment?
What is Fordism?
What is Post-Fordism?
What is Futurism?
What is Essentialism?
What is Enlightenment?
What is Connectionism?
What is Existentialism?
What is Foundationalism?
What is Functionalism?
What is Interpretivism?
What is Naturalism?
What is Constructivism?
What is Social Constructivism?
What is Postmodernity?
What is Postmodernism?
What is Modernity?
What is Modernism?
What is Postcolonial Theory?
What is Logical Positivism?
What is Positivism?
What is Humanism?
What is Romanticism?
What is Empiricism?
What is Rationalism?
What is Nominalism?
What is Scholasticism?
What is Hedonism?
What is Epicureanism?
What is Cynicism?
What is Skepticism?
What is Intuitionism?
What is Emotivism?
What is Pyrrhoism?
What is Perspectivism?
Political Doctrines
Brief History of Political Science
What is Action Painting?
What is Monarchy?
What is Feudalism?
What is a Republic?
What is Populism?
The Art of War Summary
What is Fascism?
What is Authoritarianism?
What is Totalitarianism?
What is Plutocracy?
What is Oligarchy?
What is Aristocracy?
What is a State?
What is a Nation?
Nationalism versus Patriotism
What is Patriotism?
What is Nationalism?
What is International Relations?
What is Political Science?
What is Globalization?
What is Colonialism?
Does Anarchism Imply Terrorism?
What is Empire?
What is Liberalism?
What is Anarchy?
What is Transnationalism?
What is Capitalism?
What is Neoliberalism?
What is Cosmopolitanism?
What is Political Sociology?
What is Configurationalism?
What is Hegemony?
What is Imperialism?
What is Authority?
What is Ideology?
What is Federalism?
What is Communitarianism?
What is Syndicalism?
What is Corporatism?
What is Radicalism?
Forms of Government
What is Conservatism?
What is Equality?
What is Development?
What is Neocolonialism?
What is Libertarianism?
Progressivism in Politics
What is Mercantilism?
What is Communism?
What is Anarchism?
Realism in International Relations
What is New Left?
Dualism in International Relations
Monism in International Relations
What are Rights? Meaning of Rights and Kinds of Rights
What are Human Rights?
Economics
Macroeconomics versus Microeconomics
What is Economics?
Socio-Anthro Notes
Brief History of Sociology
What is Society?
Different Types of Society
Capitalism versus Socialism
Communism versus Socialism
What is Ethnocentrism?
Cultural Relativism versus Ethnocentrism
What is Anthropology?
What are Norms, or Social Norms?
What is Hunter-Gatherer Culture?
What is Neolithic Revolution?
Symbols and Language in Human Culture
What are norms?
Material and Non‐Material Culture
Is Culture’s Root Biological or Societal?
Elements of Culture
What is Material Culture?
What is Subculture?
What is Counterculture?
What is Culture Lag?
What is Cultural Diffusion?
What is Conflict Theory?
Meaning, Purpose, and Agents of Socialization
Socialization versus Enculturation
What is Syncretism?
What is Enculturation?
What is Socialization?
What is Acculturation?
Acculturation versus Assimilation
What is Culture and Why Does it Matter?
What is Cultural Appropriation?
What is Cultural Assimilation?
What is Anomie?
What is Symbolic Interactionism?
What is Social Control Theory?
Three Major Perspectives in Sociology
What are Cultural Values?
What are Cultural Norms?
Culture and Society Defined
What is Structuralism?
Meaning of Critical Theory
What is Socialism?
Copernican Revolution: Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society
International Relations Notes
Brief History of International Relations
Idealism in International Relations
Art Appreciation
How to Cure Hemorrhoids Naturally: Learning from My Own Experience
What is Pop Art?
What is Conceptual Art?
What is Fauvism?
What is Cubism?
What is Abstract Expressionism?
What is Neo-Impressionism?
What is Dada Art?
What is Dadaism?
What is Symbolism?
What is Mimesis?
What is Post-Impressionism?
What is Communication?
What is Surrealism?
What is Avant-Garde?
What is Abstraction in Art?
Book Summaries
The Art of War Summary
Heidegger’s Being and Time: Key Concepts and Critique
Heidegger’s The Question Concerning Technology: Key Concepts and Critique
Sartre’s Being and Nothingness: Key Concepts and Critique
Sartre’s Nausea: Key Concepts and Critique
Gabriel Marcel’s The Mystery of Being: Key Concepts
Camus’s The Myth of Sisyphus: Key Concepts and Critique
Camus’s The Plague: Key Concepts and Critique
Camus’s The Stranger: Key Concepts and Critique
Camus’s The Rebel: Key Concepts and Critique
Camus’s The Fall: Key Concepts and Summary
Summary of Martin Buber’s I and Thou
Summary of Kierkegaard’s Either/Or
Summary of Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling
Summary of Kierkegaard’s The Sickness Unto Death
Summary of Kierkegaard’s The Concept of Anxiety
Summary of Kierkegaard’s Stages of Life’s Way
Summary of Kierkegaard’s Philosophical Fragments
Viktor Frankl’s The Will to Meaning
Viktor Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning
Summary of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex
Summary of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Ethics of Ambiguity
Summary of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Coming of Age
Summary of Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Summary of Nietzsche’s The Gay Science
Summary of Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil
Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of Freedom
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of Authenticity
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of Angst
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Humanism
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Two Modes of Being: Being-in-itself and Being-for-itself
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of the Other
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Ethics
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Existential Ethics
Heidegger’s Existential Philosophy: Key Concepts
Heidegger’s Method
Heidegger’s Concept of Authenticity: Key Concepts and Critique
Heidegger’s Concept of Conscience
Heidegger’s Concept of Dread
Heidegger’s Concept of Death
Heidegger’s Concept of Deliverance: Key Concepts and Critique
Heidegger’s Concept of Overtness
Heidegger’s Concept of Guilt
Heidegger’s Concept of Angst
Heidegger’s Concept of World
Scientific versus Philosophical Thinking in Heidegger
Heidegger’s Concept of Dasein: Key Concepts and Critique
Heidegger’s Concept of Being: Key Concepts and Critique
Two Modes of Thinking in Heidegger: Calculative and Meditative Thinking
Heidegger’s Concept of Care: Key Concepts and Critique
Heidegger’s Concept of Facticity
Heidegger’s Concept of Thrownness
Heidegger’s Concept of Time
How to Attain a Meaningful Life? Kierkegaard’s 3 Stages of Life
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Concept of Bad Faith
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Freedom and Responsibility
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Being and Having
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Creative Fidelity
Marcel’s Concept of Primary and Secondary Reflections
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Freedom
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Participation
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Exigence
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Presence
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Hope
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Existential Self
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of Existential Fulcrum
Gabriel Marcel’s Concept of the Meaning of Life
Karl Jaspers’s Existentialism
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Existence
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Authenticity
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Transcendence
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Spirit
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Boundary Situation
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Existenz
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Authentic Existence
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Leap of Faith
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Encompassing
Karl Jaspers’s Concept of Freedom
Martin Buber’s I-It Relationship
Martin Buber’s I-Thou Relationship
Buber’s Notion of the Eternal Thou
Martin Buber’s Concept of Dialogical Existence
Buber’s Existentialism
Buber’s I-It and I-Thou Relationships
Martin Buber’s Notion of God
Martin Buber’s Concept of Subjectivity
Kierkegaard’s Aesthetic Stage of Life
Kierkegaard’s Ethical Stage of Life
Kierkegaard’s Religious Stage of Life
Kierkegaard’s Concept of the Leap of Faith
Kierkegaard’s Concept of the Authentic Life
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Authentic Existence
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Freedom
Kierkegaard’s Aesthetics
Kierkegaard’s Ethics
Kierkegaard’s Understanding of Religion
Kierkegaard’s Political Philosophy
Kierkegaard’s Approach to Rhetoric
Kierkegaard’s Philosophy of Life
Kierkegaard’s Existentialism
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Boredom
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Anxiety
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Despair
Kierkegaard’s Concept of Subjectivity and Becoming
Kierkegaard’s Concept of the Crowd as Untruth
Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy
Viktor Frankl’s Existentialism
Viktor Frankl’s Existential Psychology
Simone de Beauvoir’s Existentialism
Simone de Beauvoir’s Existentialist Ethics
Simone de Beauvoir’s Concept of Freedom
Simone de Beauvoir’s Perspective on Violence
Simone de Beauvoir’s Concept of a Meaningful Life
Nietzsche’s Contribution to Existentialism
Nietzsche’s Concept of Perspectivism
Nietzsche’s Critique of Dogma
Nietzsche’s Concept of Amor Fati
Nietzsche’s Concept of Eternal Recurrence
Nietzsche’s Concept of Nihilism
Nietzsche’s Concept of Overman
Nietzsche’s Concept of Morality
Nietzsche’s Concept of Master-Slave Morality
Nietzsche’s Concept of Master Morality
Nietzsche’s Concept of Slave Morality
Nietzsche’s Concept of God
Nietzsche’s “God is Dead”
Nietzsche’s Existentialism
Nietzsche’s Concept of Freedom
Nietzsche’s Concept of the Will to Power
Nietzsche’s Concept of “Beyond Good and Evil”
Nietzsche’s Concept of the Revaluation of All Values
Nietzsche’s Critique of Morality
Viktor Petrov’s Existentialism
Paul Tillich’s Existentialism
Juozas Girnius’s Existentialism
Franz Kafka’s Existentialism
Nicola Abbagnano’s Existentialism
Dino Buzzati’s Existentialism
Hazel Barnes’s Existentialism
Miguel de Unamuno’s Existentialism
Nae Ionescu’s Existentialism
Jose Ortega y Gasset’s Existentialism
Walter Kaufmann’s Existentialism
Lev Shestov’s Existentialism
Nikolai Berdyaev’s Existentialism
Rudolf Bultmann’s Existentialist Theology
Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Existentialist Philosophy
Karl Barth’s Existentialist Philosophy
John Macquarrie’s Existentialism
Lewis Gordon’s Existentialism
Franz Rosenzweig’s Existentialism
Colin Wilson’s Existentialism
Richard Wright’s Existentialism
James Anthony Froude’s Existentialism
Emil Cioran’s Existentialism
Jane Welsh Carlyle’s Existentialism
Thomas Carlyle’s Existentialism
Rick Turner’s Existentialism
Ralph Ellison’s Existentialism
Walter Davis’s Existentialism
Ladislav Klima’s Existentialism
Peter Wessel Zapffe’s Existentialism
Ancient Philosophy
Thales’s Philosophy
Anaximander’s Philosophy
Anaximenes’s Philosophy
Parmenides’s Philosophy
Heraclitus’s Philosophy
Pythagoras’s Philosophy
Empedocles’s Philosophy
Leucippus’s Philosophy
Democritus’s Philosophy
Epicurus’s Philosophy
Anaxagoras’s Philosophy
Plutarch’s Philosophy
Plutarch’s Moral Philosophy
Plotinus’s Philosophy
Thrasymachus’s Philosophy
Theophrastus
Xenophon’s Philosophy
Xenophanes’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
Zeno of Citium’s Philosophy
Zeno of Elea’s Philosophy
Sextus Empiricus’s Philosophy
Protagoras’s Philosophy
Gorgias’s Philosophy
Epictetus’s Philosophy
Diogenes of Sinope
Diogenes of Babylon
Dionysius the Renegade
Pyrrho’s Philosophy
The Philosophy of Socrates: Key Concepts
Plato’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
Aristotle’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
The Hellenistic Schools of Philosophy
The Philosophy of Ammonius of Saccas
Confucius’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
Lao Tzu’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
Sun Tzu’s Philosophy: Key Concepts
Mencius’s Philosophy
Indian Philosophy: Historical Sketch
The Rg Veda: Meaning and Key Concepts
The Upanishads: Meaning, Types, and Key Concepts
The Bhagavad-Gita: Meaning and Key Concepts
The Laws of Manu: Meaning and Key Concepts
Philosophy in Ancient Mesopotamia: Key Concept
Hippocrates’s Philosophy
Plato’s Gorgias
Plato’s Meno
Plato’s Phaedo
Plato’s Theaetetus
Plato’s Republic: Key Concepts
Plato’s Cratylus
Plato’s Parmenides
Plato’s Symposium
Plato’s Erotic Dialogues
Plato’s Timaeus
Plato’s Phaedrus
Plato on Myth
Plato’s Life and Works
Aristotle’s Life and Works
The Cynics
The Cyrenaics
Epicurus’s Principles
Epicurean Ethics
Epicurean Therapy
Lucretius’s Philosophy
The Stoic Logic
Stoic Epistemology
Stoic Physics
Stoic Ethics
Seneca’s Philosophy
Cicero’s Philosophy
Galen’s Philosophy
Middle Platonism
Philo of Alexandria
Aristotelianism
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Plotinus’s Life and Works
Plotinus’s Concept of the One
Plotinus’s Concept of the Soul
Plotinus’s Concept of Matter and Evil
Porphyry’s Philosophy
Iamblichus’s Philosophy
Proclus’s Philosophy
Philoponus’s Philosophy
Alexander Sheppard
Contemporary Philosophy
Who is Karl Marx?
William Rowe’s Philosophy: Key Concept
Who is Roque Ferriols
Who is Leonardo Mercado?
Roque Ferriols’s Filipino Philosophy
Leonardo Mercado’s Filipino Philosophy
Emerita Quito’s Philosophy
Florentino Hornedo’s Philosophy
Rolando Gripaldo’s Philosophy
Florentino Timbreza’s Philosophy
Psychology Notes
What is Psychology?
Brief History of Psychology as a Discipline
Structuralism in Psychology
Functionalism in Psychology
What is Behaviorism?
What is Psychoanalysis?
Jung’s Theory of Personality: Key Concepts
Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
Rollo May’s Existential Psychology: Key Concepts
Karen Horney’s Psychoanalytic Social Theory: Key Concepts
Lowenfeld’s Stages of Artistic Development
Knowles’s Adult Learning Theory
Sullivan’s Interpersonal Relations Theory: Key Concepts
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: Key Concepts
Pavlov’s Theory of Behaviorism: Key Concepts
Ivan Pavlov’s Theory of Classical Conditioning
Carl Rogers’s Theory of Personality: Key Concepts
B. F. Skinner’s Theory of Behaviorism
Edward Thorndike’s Three Laws of Learning
Watson’s Theory of Behaviorism: Key Concepts
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development
Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Sigmund Freud’s Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development
Piaget versus Vygotsky’s Theory of Developmental Psychology
What is Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism?
Vygotsky’s Model of Cognitive Psychology
Robert Gagne’s Learning Theory
Thorndike’s Connectionism: Key Concept
Phenomenological and Humanistic Theories in Education
Bandura’s Observational Learning Theory
John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
Introduction to Behaviorism
Behaviorism versus Cognitivism
Behaviorist Theory of Education
Classical Conditioning in Education
What is Pygmalion Effect?
Psychoanalysis and Feminism
What is Sublimation?
What is Psychosis?
What is Narcissism?
What are Grand Theories of Psychology?
What is Biological Psychology?
What is Developmental Psychology?
What is Evolutionary Psychology
What is Humanistic Psychology?
What is Socio-Cultural Psychology?
What is Health Psychology?
What is Abnormal Psychology?
What is Personality Theory?
What is Motivation Theory?
What is Satisfaction Theory?
What is Emergent Theories in Psychology?
What is Information Processing Theory?
Behavioral Leadership Theory
Behavioral Learning Theory
Operant Conditioning Theory
Classical Conditioning Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Eysenck’s Three-dimension Personality Theory
Eysenck’s Big Five-factor Personality Theory
Allport’s Trait Theory
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
What is Attribution Theory?
What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
Observational Learning Theory
Social Comparison Theory
Cognitive Development Theory
Child Development Theory
Behavioral Development Theory
Psychosocial Development Theory
Social Learning Theory
Sociocultural Theory
Attachment Theory
The Hawthorne Effect
Herzberg’s Motivation Theory
Goal-setting Theory
Groupthink Theory
Expectancy Theory
Moral Development Theory
Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
Thurstone’s Multiple Factor Theory
Cannon’s Theory of Emotion
Sheldon’s Constitutional Theory
What is Altruism Theory?
What is Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress?
What is Flow Theory?
What is Evolutionary Theory of Sexual Selection?
What is Five-Factor Model of Personality Theory?
What is Learned Helplessness Theory?
What is Placebo Effect Theory?
What is Psychic Crisis Theory?
What is Ripple Effect Theory?
What is Self-determination Theory?
What is Self-efficacy Theory?
What is Self-fulfilling Prophecy Theory?
What is Sense of Coherence Theory?
What is Theory of Cognitive Biases?
What is Theory of Coping?
What is Theory of Political Extremism?
What is Theory of Elementary Social Relations?
What is Ego Depletion Theory?
What is Attention Restoration Theory?
What is Theory of Mind?
Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory
Solomon Asch’s Conformity Theory
Bruner’s Cognitive Development Theory
David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Styles Theory
Kuhn’s Developmental Psychology
Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
Karl Popper’s Demarcation Problem
Carl Rogers’s Self-Actualization
Edward Thorndike’s Theory of Operant Conditioning
Wilhelm Wundt’s Structuralism
Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s Cultural Differences in Attachment
Dement and Kleitman’s Experiment
Henry Gustav Molaison’s The Curious Case of Patient H.M.
Harry Harlow’s Monkey Love Experiments
Richard Held and Alan Hein’s Movement-Produced Simulation
Hofling’s Hospital Experiment of Obedience
Hodges and Tizard’s Experiment
Konrad Lorenz’s Theory of Imprinting
Little Hans’s Freudian Case Study
Mary Cover Jones’s Experiment on Children
The Little Albert Experiment
The Marshmallow Test
The Loftus and Palmer Experiment
The Milgram Shock Experiment
The Phineas Gage Experiment
The Piliavin Subway Study
The Serial Position Effect
The Rosenhan Experiment
The Robbers Cave Experiment
The Visual Cliff Experiment
The Skinner Box Experiment
What is Psychodynamic Theory?
What is Positive Psychology?
What is Biological Theory in Psychology?
What is Social-Cognitive Theory?
What is Trait Theory?
Medieval Philosophy
The Greek Church Fathers
Origen’s Philosophy
Cappadocian Fathers
Maximus the Confessor
What is Asceticism?
Boys-Stones Patristics
The Latin Church Fathers
What is Arianism?
Jerome
St. Ambrose
Gregory the Great
St. Augustine: Life and Words
Augustine’s Confessions: Key Concepts
Augustine’s The City of God
St. Augustine’s Thoughts on Language
St. Augustine’s Concept of Freedom
St. Augustine’s Philosophy of Mind
St. Augustine’s Philosophy of Man
Latin Platonism
Boethius
The Carolingian Renaissance
Eriugena’s Concept of Freedom
Eriugena’s The Periphyseon
Kraye and Marenbon
Anthony Kraye
John Marenbon
Roots of Scholasticism
St. Anselm’s Life and Works
Anselm’s Ontological Argument
Heloise’s Philosophy
Peter Abelard: Life and Works
Abelard’s Ethical Philosophy
The Victorines
Gratian’s Philosophy
Lombard’s Philosophy
The Transcendentals
Hildegard’s Philosophy
Robert Grosseteste’s Philosophy
Roger Bacon’s Philosophy
Bonaventure’s Philosophy
Olivi’s Philosophy
Matti Toivanen on Animals
Mechthild’s Philosophy
Hadewijch’s Philosophy
Robert Kilwardby’s Philosophy
Saint Albert the Great on Nature
Albert’s Metaphysics
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Life and Works
St. Thomas Aquinas’s View on Faith and Reason
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Philosophy of Language
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Theory of Signification
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Theory of Reference
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Theory of Truth
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Philosophy of Man
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Concept of Freedom
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Four Causes
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Ethics
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Theory of Knowledge
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Political Philosophy
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Rejection of Anarchism
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Logic
Henry of Ghent
John Duns Scotus’s Concept of Being
John Duns Scotus’s Concept of Freedom
John Duns Scotus’s Moral Philosophy
John Duns Scotus’s View on Ethics
John Duns Scotus’s View on Universals
Marguerite Porete
Dante Alighieri
Marsilius of Padua
William of Ockham’s Life and Works
William of Ockham’s Ethical Theory
William of Ockham’s Political Philosophy
William of Ockham’s Nominalism
William of Ockham’s Theory of Mental Language
John Buridan
Meister Eckhart’s Philosophy
Jean Gerson
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Langland
John Wyclif
Ramon Llull
Petrarch
Alcuin
Fredegisus
Hrabanus Maurus
Gottschalk of Orbais
Hincmar of Rheims
Gerbert of Aurillac
Abbo of Fleury
Notker Labeo
Peter Damian
Berengar of Tours
Lanfranc of Bec
Constantine the African
Manegold of Lautenbach
Ivo of Chartres
Roscelin of Compiègne
Gratian
Gilbert of Poitiers
Hugh of St. Victor
Bernard of Chartres
William of Champeaux
Thierry of Chartres
William of Conches
Bernard of Clairvaux
Adelard of Bath
James of Venice
Clarembald of Arras
John of Salisbury
Dominicus Gundisalvi
Richard of St. Victor
Bernard Silvestris
William of Auxerre
William of Moerbeke
Michael Scot
Alan of Lille
Gerard of Cremona
William of Auvergne
John Blund
Alexander of Hales
Hadewijch of Brabant
Philip the Chancellor
Siger of Brabant
Peter of Spain
William of Sherwood
Richard Rufus
Lambert of Auxerre
John of Paris
Jean de Meun
Martin of Dacia
Matthew of Aquasparta
John Pecham
Thomas of Erfurt
Raymond Llull
Giles of Rome
Dietrich of Freiberg
Godfrey of Fontaines
Siger of Courtrai
Durand of St. Pourcain
William of Pagula
Peter Auriol
Radulphus Brito
Gerald Odonis
Thomas Bradwardine
Francis of Marchia
Walter Burley
Walter Chatton
Richard Kilvington
Gregory of Rimini
Adam Wodeham
Richard Swineshead
Richard Rolle
William Heytesbury
Nicholas of Autrecourt
Roger Swineshead
Berthold of Moosburg
John Tauler
Walter Hilton
Marsilius of Inghen
Albert of Saxony
Nicole Oresme
Catherine of Siena
Christine de Pizan
Paul of Venice
Julian of Norwich
Henry of Langenstein
Henry of Oyta
The Baghdad School
Al-Rāzī
Saadia Gaon
Al-Kindī
Mu’tazilites
Philosophy of Al-Fārābī
The Ash’arites
The Būyid Age
Arabic Ethics
Political Philosophy of Al-Fārābī
Avicenna’s Understanding of the Soul
Avicenna’s Understanding of God
Avicenna’s Concept of Existence
Avicenna’s Life
Al-Ghazālī on “Incoherence”
Al-Ghazālī
Samuel Ibn Tibbon
Judah Halevi
Ibn Gabirol’s Philosophy
Ibn Khaldūn
Averroes’s Philosophy
The Safavid Empire
Ibn Taymiyya
What is Sufism?
Al-Ṭūsī
Illuminationism
Political Doctrines
