Viktor Frankl’s existential psychology, also known as logotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy that is grounded in the principles of existential philosophy. It focuses on helping individuals find meaning and purpose in their lives, and in doing so, alleviating psychological distress and promoting mental health.
Existential psychology is based on the belief that human beings have an innate need for meaning and purpose, and that this need is essential for psychological well-being. According to Frankl, this need for meaning is not a superficial desire, but rather a deep-seated, fundamental drive that is central to the human experience.
One of the key concepts in Frankl’s existential psychology is that of the “will to meaning.” This refers to the idea that individuals have a natural inclination to search for meaning and purpose in their lives. This drive is not simply a desire for pleasure or happiness, but rather a fundamental human need that must be met in order for individuals to thrive.
Another central concept in Frankl’s existential psychology is that of the “existential vacuum.” This refers to a sense of emptiness or meaninglessness that individuals can experience when they are unable to find meaning in their lives. This vacuum can lead to a range of psychological symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and addiction.
Logotherapy, the psychotherapeutic approach developed by Frankl, aims to address this existential vacuum by helping individuals find meaning and purpose in their lives. The therapy is based on the idea that individuals are capable of creating their own meaning, even in the face of adversity and difficult circumstances.
One of the key techniques used in logotherapy is “paradoxical intention.” This involves encouraging individuals to intentionally embrace the very thing they are trying to avoid or escape from. For example, if an individual is struggling with anxiety, the therapist may encourage them to try to increase their anxiety, rather than avoid it. This approach can help individuals overcome their fears and gain a greater sense of control over their lives.
Another technique used in logotherapy is “dereflection.” This involves directing an individual’s attention away from their problems and towards a more meaningful goal or purpose. By focusing on something larger than themselves, individuals can gain a greater sense of perspective and meaning, and in doing so, reduce their psychological distress.
Overall, Viktor Frankl’s existential psychology is a powerful and innovative approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes the importance of meaning and purpose in the human experience. By helping individuals find their own unique sense of meaning, logotherapy can help alleviate psychological distress and promote mental health.