Eleonore Stump (formerly known as Eleonore McCord Adams) is a prominent philosopher and theologian who has made significant contributions to the problem of evil. Stump’s work offers a unique perspective on the problem, exploring the emotional and existential dimensions of suffering and evil. In this essay, we will examine Stump’s views on the problem of evil, her critique of traditional theodicies, and her proposed solutions.
Stump’s approach to the problem of evil is deeply rooted in her exploration of human emotions and the significance of love. She argues that emotions play a crucial role in our understanding of the problem of evil, as they provide a lens through which we experience and respond to suffering. Stump contends that emotions, particularly love and compassion, are essential for addressing the problem and finding meaning in the face of evil.
One key aspect of Stump’s perspective is her critique of traditional theodicies, which she argues are inadequate for comprehending the depth and complexity of suffering and evil. Stump contends that traditional theodicies often rely on abstract and intellectual explanations that fail to resonate with the emotional experiences of individuals who suffer. She suggests that these theodicies may even undermine the very emotions that are necessary for understanding and responding to evil.
Instead of offering a comprehensive theodicy, Stump proposes a more narrative approach to the problem of evil. She argues that engaging with personal narratives of suffering and evil allows for a more profound understanding of the existential and emotional aspects of the problem. Stump suggests that through empathetic engagement with narratives of suffering, we can gain insights into the transformative power of love and compassion in the face of evil.
Moreover, Stump explores the concept of “creaturely goods” as a way to understand the purpose and value of suffering in the world. She contends that certain goods, such as courage, compassion, and forgiveness, can only be fully realized in the context of suffering and evil. Stump suggests that these goods contribute to the development of moral character and the cultivation of virtues.
Stump’s perspective also extends to the idea of divine suffering. She explores the concept of God’s empathetic identification with human suffering, suggesting that God’s love and compassion extend to the depths of human pain. Stump argues that God’s participation in human suffering through the Incarnation and the Crucifixion provides a unique perspective on the problem of evil and offers hope in the midst of suffering.
Critics of Stump’s views on the problem of evil have raised objections to various aspects of her perspective. Some argue that her emphasis on emotions and personal narratives may neglect the intellectual and logical dimensions of the problem. They contend that an overreliance on emotions may lead to subjective interpretations and lack of rigorous analysis.
Others question the coherence and logical consistency of Stump’s narrative approach. They argue that personal narratives are inherently subjective and can vary significantly, making it difficult to derive universal principles or conclusions about the problem of evil.
Despite these objections, Stump’s contributions to the problem of evil have significantly enriched the philosophical and theological discourse. Her emphasis on the emotional and existential dimensions of suffering and evil provides a valuable perspective for understanding and responding to the problem. While objections persist, Stump’s work continues to shape and advance our understanding of the profound philosophical and existential challenges posed by the problem of evil.
In conclusion, Eleonore Stump’s work on the problem of evil offers a unique perspective that centers on the emotional and narrative dimensions of suffering and evil. Her critique of traditional theodicies and emphasis on personal narratives provide insights into the transformative power of love and compassion in the face of evil. While objections have been raised, Stump’s contributions remain valuable in deepening our understanding of the emotional and existential aspects of the problem of evil.